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Political literacy, without the slogans

The labels left and right were fixed by a seating arrangement in the French National Assembly of 1789. They described a real disagreement then, and they still describe something real now — but on their own they can no longer tell apart a Nordic social democracy from a one-party state, or a free-market liberal from an authoritarian traditionalist.

PolitiCompass measures two axes instead of one: where you stand on economic organisation, and where you stand on state authority. That second axis was not invented for convenience. It came out of factor analysis in the 1950s, as the smallest number of dimensions that could account for how people's political attitudes actually cluster.

This site is independent, takes no party funding, and publishes its scoring method rather than asking you to take a result on trust. Every ideology entry sets out the strongest case for a tradition alongside the strongest objections to it.

The Multi-Axis Political Model

The political compass is a multi-axis model used to label and organize political ideologies with greater precision than the traditional linear spectrum. By separating economic issues from social issues, it reveals the true complexity of political thought.

Authoritarian Left (The Statists)

This quadrant represents ideologies that favor state control over the economy while also maintaining strong social order. Historically associated with various forms of Marxism-Leninism and centralized state socialism, this position advocates for collective ownership of the means of production and centralized planning to ensure total social equality. In this framework, the state's role is to eliminate class distinctions and manage resources for the perceived common good, often requiring high levels of social conformity and political centralization.

Authoritarian Right (The Traditionalists)

Ideologies in this quadrant support a free-market or social-market economy but also favor strong state authority and the preservation of traditional social values. This position often emphasizes national identity, social stability, and the maintenance of established cultural hierarchies. It is frequently associated with modern conservatism, nationalism, and certain forms of religious traditionalism. While supporting the right to private property and capital, this quadrant argues that a strong state is necessary to preserve the moral fabric and security of the nation.

Libertarian Left (The Antiauthoritarians)

This position advocates for both economic equality and the highest possible level of personal freedom. It rejects both state control and corporate hierarchy, favoring decentralized, voluntary, and non-hierarchical forms of social organization. Ideologies like social anarchism, libertarian socialism, and anarcho-syndicalism fall into this category. The goal is a society where individuals cooperate freely in communal ownership of resources, without the need for a coercive state apparatus or the unequal power dynamics of capitalism.

Libertarian Right (The Voluntarists)

The Libertarian Right favors a completely free-market economy with minimal to no state intervention in either economic or social life. It prioritizes individual property rights, personal autonomy, and the principle of non-aggression above all else. This quadrant is the intellectual home of classical liberalism, anarcho-capitalism, and minarchism. The core belief is that voluntary trade and individual initiative are the most efficient and moral ways to organize society, and that state intervention is almost inherently a violation of natural rights.

Encyclopedia of Political Ideologies

Sixteen political traditions, each set out with its founding arguments, its core commitments, the strongest objections raised against it, and its approximate position on the two-axis compass.

Browse all sixteen entries

Essays and analysis

Long-form writing on political theory, methodology and the shifts reshaping the spectrum.

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